Children's Character That is Formed Based on Parenting: Gender Based Analysis

Nurmin Aminu, Hijrawatil Aswat, Nurastuti Nurastuti, Dewi Sinta, Abdul Manaf, Abdul Kadir Ahmad

Abstract


Abstract: Children's Character That is Formed Based on Parenting: Gender Based Analysis. Objectives: Character quality is one of the skills that children must have in the 21st century. The character formed in children is influenced by their parents' parenting, so the purpose of this study is to analyse the character of male and female based on parenting. Methods: The research approach used was quantitative with a survey type. The sample was 60 children from Halimombo and Bonatiro villages, Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The data collection instrument used a questionnaire containing 29 statement items to measure the characters of honesty, responsibility, discipline, religion, and hard work. The questionnaire met the valid and reliable criteria. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistical analysis and network analysis. Findings: The findings of this study indicate that there is no significant difference (tvalue < 1.96 and Sig > 0.05) in the character of honesty, responsibility, discipline, religion, and hard work in male and female based on parental patterns. Honest character in male (JI, J5) and female (J1, J25) has a strong density and correlation. The character of responsibility in male (T15, T18) and female (T4, T24) has a strong density and correlation. Discipline characters in male (D20, D21) and female (D8, D21) have strong density and correlation. Religious characters in male (R6, R11) and female (R6, R29) have strong density and correlation. The character of hard work in male and female (K9, K28) has a strong density and correlation. Conclusion: Parenting is very important in the formation of children's character. Good parenting has a positive impact on the formation of children's character. So the factors of child character formation based on gender are very important for parents to know.

Keywords: character, parenting, gender, parents, children.


DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v15.i1.202517

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abubakar, B., Sanusi, S., Razali, R., Yeniningsih, T. K., & Mujiburrahman. (2023). Parenting Education in Islamic Families within the Framework of Family Resilience in Aceh, Indonesia. Samarah. https://doi.org/10.22373/sjhk.v7i2.17901

Abdurahman, A., Marzuki, K., Yahya, M. D., Asfahani, Pratiwi, E. A., & Adam, K. A. (2023). The effect of smartphone uses and parenting style on the honest character and responsibility of elementary school students. Jurnal Prima Edukasia, 11(2), 247-257. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jpe.v11i2.60987

Adkison-Bradley, C., Terpstra, J., & Dormitorio, B. (2013). Child Discipline in African American Families. The Family Journal, 22(2), 198–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480713513553

Anggraini, P., Widodo, J., & Putra, C. (2021). Maintaining local wisdom aa nationalism measurement.. Proceedings of the First International Seminar Social Science, Humanities and Education, ISSHE 2020. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.25-11-2020.2306711

Antonijević, M. and Ivanović, Đ. (2021). Evaluation of the human development index (hdi) using the methods of sample theory. International Journal of Economic Practice and Policy, 18(1), 14-32. https://doi.org/10.5937/skolbiz1-28866

Arthur, J., Kristjansson, K., Walker, D., Sanderse, W., & Jones, C. (2015). Character education in UK schools: research report. In The Jubilee Centre for Character and Virtues.

Arzeen, S., Arzeen, N., & Shah, M. (2023). A Study Of Authoritarian Parenting Style And Aggression Among Adolescents. Journal of Medical Sciences (Peshawar). https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.2.8

Asbari, M., Nurhayati, W., Purwanto, A., & Putra, F. (2020). Pengaruh Genetic Personality dan Authoritative Parenting Style terhadap Pendidikan Karakter di Aya Sophia Islamic School. Edumaspul: Jurnal Pendidikan. https://doi.org/10.33487/edumaspul.v4i1.341

Asyhar, A. N., & Hastuti, D. (2023). Differences in Discipline Character Between State and Private Junior High School Students: Analysis of Family and School Discipline Practices, and Self-Concept. Journal of Child Family and Consumer Studies, 2(3), 179–189. https://doi.org/10.29244/jcfcs.2.3.179-189

Awang, I. S., Serani, G., Prasetyo, Z. K., & Wangid, M. N. (2021). Pedagogical content knowledge (pck) based on local wisdom to develop students’ nationality characteristics. Journal of Educational Science and Technology (EST), 97-104. https://doi.org/10.26858/est.v7i1.18892

Baharuddin, A. R., Afriza, A., & Hidayah, H. (2024). Management of Educators and Education Personnel in the National Education System. Education Achievement: Journal of Science and Research. https://doi.org/10.51178/jsr.v4i3.1718

Bartoszuk, K., Deal, J. E., & Yerhot, M. (2021). Parents’ and College Students’ Perceptions of Support and Family Environment. Emerging Adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696818823947

Barco, B. L. d., Mendo-Lázaro, S., Gallego, S. I., Río, M. I. P. d., & Gallego, D. I. (2019). Academic goals and parental control in primary school children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(1), 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17010206

Binder, A. and Matthes, J. (2023). What can stop the ‘pester power’? a longitudinal study on the impact of children's audiovisual media consumption on media‐motivated food purchase requests. Pediatric Obesity, 18(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.13018

Booker, J. A., Ispa, J. M., Im, J., Maiya, S., Roos, J., & Carlo, G. (2021). African american mothers talk to their preadolescents about honesty and lying. Cultural Diversity &Amp; Ethnic Minority Psychology, 27(3), 521-530. https://doi.org/10.1037/cdp0000396

Brennan, M. (2015). Rule breaking in the child care centre: tensions for children and teachers. International Journal of Early Childhood, 48(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13158-015-0153-x

Brummelman, E., Grapsas, S., & van der Kooij, K. (2022). Parental praise and children’s exploration: a virtual reality experiment. Scientific reports, 12(1), 4967. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-08226-9

Capraro, V. (2017). Who lies? a meta-analysis of the effect of sex, age, and education on honesty. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2930944

Carr, A. and Pike, A. (2012). Maternal scaffolding behavior: links with parenting style and maternal education. Developmental Psychology, 48(2), 543-551. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025888

Castañeda, E. A. (2020). Análisis del carácter científico del turismo. Estudios y Perspectivas En Turismo.

Chen, R., & Zhou, L. (2021). Parental Migration and Psychological Well-Being of Children in Rural China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 8085. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18158085

Cooke, J. E., Deneault, A. A., Devereux, C., Eirich, R., Fearon, R. P., & Madigan, S. (2022). Parental sensitivity and child behavioral problems: A meta‐analytic review. Child Development, 93(5), 1231-1248, https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13764

Däschle, J., Hofmann, C., Wernicke, J., Ziegenhain, U., Montag, C., & Kiefer, M. (2023). The relationship between parenting behavior and the personality of kindergarten children. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1048391

Dewi, N., Qohar, A., & Ulpa, E. P. (2021). Hubungan Antara Pola Asuh Demokratis Orang Tua Dengan Keterampilan Sosial Pada Siswa Di Sekolah Dasar. ANFUSINA: Journal of Psychology. https://doi.org/10.24042/ajp.v4i1.13199

Dieleman, L. M., Soenens, B., Prinzie, P., De Clercq, L., Ortibus, E., & De Pauw, S. S.

W. (2021). Daily parenting of children with cerebral palsy: The role of daily child behavior, parents’ daily psychological needs, and mindful parenting. Development and Psychopathology. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579419001688

Dykstra, V. W., Willoughby, T., & Evans, A. D. (2023). Longitudinal associations between lie evaluations and frequency: the moderating role of age. Developmental Science, 27(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.13465

Dzabala, N., Kachingwe, M., Chikowe, I., Chidandale, C., & Haar, L. v. d. (2021). Using evidence and data to design an intervention in the project community model for fostering health and wellbeing among adolescent mothers and their children. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.584575

Epskamp, S., Cramer, A. O. J., Waldorp, L. J., Schmittmann, V. D., & Borsboom, D. (2023). Graph Plotting Methods, Psychometric Data Visualization and Graphical Model Estimation [R package qgraph version 1.9.8]. Journal of Statistical Software.

Ester, E., Rini, W. A., Triyanto, Y., Widiyanto, M. A., & Fernando, A. (2022). The Influence of Christian Religious Education in Family and Parenting Styles on Adolescent Character Formation. Evangelikal: Jurnal Teologi Injili Dan Pembinaan

Warga Jemaat. https://doi.org/10.46445/ejti.v6i1.470

Filipiak, S. and Łubianka, B. (2021). On the rocky road to independence: big five personality traits and locus of control in polish primary school students during transition into early adolescence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4564. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094564

Ganapathy, S., Sooryanarayana, R., Mohammad, N., & Manaf, R. (2022). Practice of disciplinary methods and factors associated with belief for physical punishment among malaysian parents: findings from nhms 2016. Global Pediatric Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333794x221113820

Gemar, A. (2023). Parental Influence and Intergenerational Transmission of Religious Belief, Attitudes, and Practices: Recent Evidence From the United States. Religions, 14(11), 1373. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14111373

Ghafoor-Zadeh, D. (2023). Moving through, interacting with, and caring for the city. Children’s and young people’s everyday experiences in smart cities. Digital Geography and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diggeo.2023.100051

Grosch, K. and Rau, H. A. (2017). Gender differences in honesty: the role of social value orientation. Journal of Economic Psychology, 62, 258-267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2017.07.008

Guchi, G. A., & Sunarti, V. (2021). Relationship Between Parenting Style and Establishment of Religious Characters at Taman Pendidikan Alquran (TPA) Masjid Alfurqon Desa Sikuliek Kecataman Koto Tangah Kota Padang. SPEKTRUM: Jurnal Pendidikan Luar Sekolah (PLS). https://doi.org/10.24036/spektrumpls.v9i2.112400

Hafina, A., Nur, L., & Malik, A. A. (2022). The development and validation of a character education model through traditional games based on the socratic method in an elementary school. Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, 41(2), 404-415. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v41i2.46125

Handayani, R., Yaumas, N. E., & Mardiana, P. D. (2023). Phenomenology of Parenting Patterns in Forming Children’s Character in Muslim Families. 2(3), 126–133. https://doi.org/10.58485/jie.v2i3.211

Handayani, N. W., & Sumaryati, S. (2014). Upaya Orang Tua dalam Menanamkan Karakter Kerja Keras Anak Usia Remaja di Dusun Tegalyoso Banyuraden Gamping Sleman Yogyakarta. Jurnal Citizenship: Media Publikasi Pendidikan Pancasila

Dan Kewarganegaraan.

Harun, Jaedun, A., Sudaryanti, & Manaf, A. (2020). Dimensions of Early Childhood Character Education Based on Multicultural and Community Local Wisdom. International Journal ofInstruction, 13(2), 365-380.

https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13225a

Harzing, A., Reiche, B., & Pudelko, M. (2013). Challenges in international survey research: a review with illustrations and suggested solutions for best practice. European J of International Management, 7(1), 112. https://doi.org/10.1504/ejim.2013.052090

Hasanah, S. R., Ahsin, M. N., & Ristiyani, R. (2021). Parenting Styles In Shaping The Children’s Social Care Character During The Pandemic. Primary: Jurnal Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar. https://doi.org/10.33578/jpfkip.v10i5.8164

Henderson, W. M., Uecker, J. E., & Stroope, S. (2016). The Role of Religion in Parenting Satisfaction and Parenting Stress Among Young Parents. Sociological Quarterly, 57(4), 675–710. https://doi.org/10.1111/tsq.12147

Hidayati, N. A., Waluyo, H. J., Winarni, R., & Suyitno, S. (2020). Exploring the implementation of local wisdom-based character education among indonesian higher education students. International Journal of Instruction, 13(2), 179-198. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13213a

Hu, N., Li, Y., He, S. S., Wang, L. L., Wei, Y. Y., Yin, L., & Chen, J. X. (2020). Impact

of the Family Environment on the Emotional State of Medical Staff During the COVID-19 Outbreak: The Mediating Effect of Self-Efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576515

Hwang, W., Yoon, J., Silverstein, M., & Brown, M. (2019). Intergenerational affectual solidarity in biological and step relations: the moderating role of religious similarity. Family Relations, 68(5), 549-564. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12397

Hyoscyamina, D. E. (2017). Educational strategy: Environmental awareness character of early child in the family. Advanced Science Letters. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.8707

Ibabe, I. (2019). Adolescent-to-parent violence and family environment: The perceptions of same reality? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122215

Infrasca, R. (2009). Parental style and suicidal ideation in psychiatric patients [Stile genitoriale e ideazione suicidaria nel paziente psichiatrico]. Giornale Italiano Di Psicopatologia / Italian Journal of Psychopathology.

Irfani, S., Riyanti, D., Santoso Muharam, R., Yogyakarta, U. N., Fkip, M., Terbuka, U., Sekolah, P., Pariwisata, T., Yogyakarta, A., Penelitian, A. L., Ebijak, K., & Pendidikan, A. N. (2021). The Grand Design Of Golden Generation 2045: Challenges And Prospects Of Civics Subject Matter For The Advancement Of Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Kebijakan Pendidikan.

Ismail, A. S. and Zainun, Z. (2023). Confidence level of college students' learning activity at university. Scaffolding: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam Dan Multikulturalisme, 5(1), 536-551. https://doi.org/10.37680/scaffolding.v5i1.2703

Jindal, A., & Ghosh, R. (2023). Word and character segmentation in ancient handwritten documents in Devanagari and Maithili scripts using horizontal zoning. Expert Systems with Applications. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.120127

Kanthe, V. N., Deo, S. V., & Murmu, M. (2020). Early age shrinkage behavior of triple blend concrete. International Journal of Engineering, Transactions B: Applications. https://doi.org/10.5829/IJE.2020.33.08B.03

Kardash, N., Coleman-Tempel, L. E., & Ecker-Lyster, M. E. (2023). The Role of Parental Education in Financial Socialization of Children. Journal of Family and Economic Issues. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-021-09806-z

Kelley, H. H., Galbraith, Q., & Korth, B. B. (2021). The How and What of Modern Religious Transmission and Its Implications for Families. Journal of Family Psychology, 35(4), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000673

Kim‐Spoon, J., Longo, G. S., & McCullough, M. E. (2012). Adolescents Who Are Less Religious Than Their Parents Are at Risk for Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms: The Mediating Role of Parent–adolescent Relationship Quality. Journal of Family Psychology, 26(4), 636–641. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029176

Kincaid, R., Rurka, M., Suitor, J. J., Gilligan, M., Pillemer, K., Mohebbi, L., … & Mundell, N. (2021). Prodigal children: why older mothers favor their once-deviant adult children. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 77(7), 1325-1335. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbab075

Khuzaifah, C. N., & Syarafuddin, M. (2024). The Role of Parents in Shaping Children’s Character in Interacting With the Opposite Gender (A Case Study in Metro City). Al Mashaadir Jurnal Ilmu Syariah, 4(2), 80–88. https://doi.org/10.52029/jis.v4i2.160

Khosrojerdi, Z., Heidari, M., Ghanbari, S., & Pakdaman, S. (2022). The character strengths predictive of responsibility in adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 15(4), 235-241. https://doi.org/10.30491/ijbs.2022.282741.1539

Khoury, A. (2005). Character and Effective Leadership of the Knowledge Worker. US Department of Energy.

Kong, C., & Yasmin, F. (2022). Impact of parenting style on early childhood learning: mediating role of parental self-efficacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 928629. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.928629

Kurniawan, M. I. (2023). The Parents Role in Independent Character Development of Elementary School Children During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Nusantara, 9(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.29407/jpdn.v9i1.17763

Létourneau, N., Anis, L., Novick, J., Pohl, C., Ntanda, H., & Hart, M. (2023). Impacts of the attachment and child health (attachtm) parenting program on mothers and their children at risk of maltreatment: phase 2 results. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3078. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043078

Li, J., Huang, J., Zheng, L., & Li, X. (2020). Application of Artificial Intelligence in Diabetes Education and Management: Present Status and Promising Prospect. In Frontiers in Public Health. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00173

Li, Z., Harris, P. L., Mao, H., & Lee, K. (2023). Trusting young children causes them to cheat less.. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2922856/v1

Maass, S. E. (2018). A comparative study of the impact of parental involvement, peer relationships, and adult mentors on the character development of adolescents. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.

Madigan, S., Prime, H., Graham, S. A., Rodrigues, M., Anderson, N., Khoury, J. E., … & Jenkins, J. M. (2019). Parenting behavior and child language: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 144(4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-3556

Markovich Morris, E., & Winthrop, R. (2023). Let’s Talk: Starting Conversations with Parents and Teachers on their Beliefs in Education. International Journal about Parents in Education. https://doi.org/10.54195/ijpe.16408

Malloy, L. C., Mugno, A. P., Waschbusch, D. A., Pelham, W. E., & Talwar, V. (2018). Parents’ attitudes about and socialization of honesty and dishonesty in typically-developing children and children with disruptive behavior disorders. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(2), 299-312. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0444-4

McPhail, B. L., & Yang, F. (2021). Religious Heterogamy and the Intergenerational Transmission of Religion in China. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/4ukcq

Misrohmasari, E. A. A. and Prihatiningrum, B. (2022). Parenting styles and dental caries among preschool children in a coastal area of jember, indonesia. Insisiva Dental Journal: Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Insisiva, 11(1), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.18196/di.v11i1.14385

Mwangangi, R. K. (2019). The Role of Family in Dealing with Juvenile Delinquency.

Open Journal of Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2019.73004 Nurhayati, R., Aw, S., Dwiningrum, S. I. A., Hajaroh, M., & Herwin, H. (2024). Validity

and reliability of child-friendly school policy evaluation instruments in primary schools: Confirmatory factor analysis. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 10(1), 965-977. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.10.1.965

Nurlaela, L. S., Pratomo, H. W., & Araniri, N. (2020). Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang tua terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Anak pada Siswa Kelas III Mandrasah Ibtidaiyah Tahfizhul Qur’an Asasul Huda Ranjikulon Kecamatan Kasokandel Kabupaten Majalengka. Eduprof : Islamic Education Journal. https://doi.org/10.47453/eduprof.v2i2.35

Olofsson, M. (2021). Expanding commodity frontiers and the emergence of customary land markets: A case study of tree-crop farming in Venda, South Africa. Land Use Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.105203

Nurlina, N. (2019). Peran Orang Tua dalam Pembentukan Kepribadian Anak di Era Digital. AN-NISA. https://doi.org/10.30863/annisa.v12i1.453

Pan, D., Wang, T., Zhang, X., Jia, M., & Li, Z. (2021). Use of collaborative concept mapping in team diagnosis. Human Factors and Ergonomics In Manufacturing. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20894

Pan, Y., Prado, A., Porras, R., Hafez, O. M., & Bolander, J. E. (2017). Lattice modeling of early-age behavior of structural concrete. Materials. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma10030231

Pinquart, M. (2021). Cultural differences in the association of harsh parenting with internalizing and externalizing symptoms: a meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30(12), 2938-2951. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02113-z

Putri, M. Z., Ervina, I. D., & Sari, A. S. (2023). Hubungan Pola Asuh Permissive Terhadap Kenakalan Remaja di SMK Muhammadiyah 8 Banyuwangi. Jurnal Psikologi. https://doi.org/10.47134/pjp.v1i2.2003

Ramli, A., Ali, N. B., & Sa'dan, A. (2022). Sibling rivalry management: an analytical study of prophet yusuf’s story. Aṭfālunā Journal of Islamic Early Childhood Education, 5(2), 11-25. https://doi.org/10.32505/atfaluna.v5i2.5016

Redmond, M., & Martin, B. (2023). All in the (Definition of) Family: Transnational Parent–Child Relationships, Rights to Family Life, and Canadian Immigration Law. Journal of Family Issues. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X211054461

Richert, R. A. and Corriveau, K. H. (2022). Development of religious cognition. Annual Review of Developmental Psychology, 4(1), 185-206. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-devpsych-120920-041303

Rindawan, I. K., Purana, I. M., & Kamilia Siham, F. (2020). Pengaruh Pola Asuh Orang Tua Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Disiplin Pada Anak Dalam Lingkungan Keluarga. Jurnal Pacta Sunt Servanda. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpss.v1i2.361

Riski, R. and Ain, S. Q. (2022). The impact of handphone use on character development of children in elementary school. Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar, 6(1), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v6i1.42894

Rivero, M., Vilaseca, R., Cantero, M. J., Navarro‐Pardo, E., Ferrer, F., Valls-Vidal, C., … & Bersabé, R. (2022). Parenting of spanish mothers and fathers playing with their children at home. Plos One, 17(6), e0266762. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266762

Saide, A. and Richert, R. A. (2022). Correspondence in parents' and children's concepts of god: investigating the role of parental values, religious practices and executive functioning. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 40(3), 422-437. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12415

Salavera, C., Urbón, E., Usán, P., & Antoñanzas, J. L. (2024). Parental styles and aggressive beliefs. The mediating role of affects. Anales de Psicologia. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.532741

Salmiati, S., & Zaman, B. (2021). Embedding Character Values to Children in Bugis Family Nurture. Journal of International Conference Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.32535/jicp.v4i1.1161

Sârbu, E.-A., Lazăr, F., & Popovici, A.-F. (2021). Individual, Familial and Social Environment Factors Associated With Religiosity Among Urban High School Students. Review of Religious Research, 63(4), 489–509. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13644-021-00466-x

Schaefer, H. S., Callina, K. S., Powers, J., Kobylski, G., Ryan, D., & Lerner, R. M. (2021). Examining Diversity in Developmental Trajectories of Cadets’ Performance and Character at the United States Military Academy. Journal of Character Education.

Sela, Y., Zach, M., Amichay-Hamburger, Y., Mishali, M., & Omer, H. (2020). Family environment and problematic internet use among adolescents: The mediating roles of depression and Fear of Missing Out. Computers in Human Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.106226

Shifa Anisah, & Susandari. (2022). Hubungan Character Strength dengan Resiliensi pada Mahasiswa Kota Bandung yang Melaksanakan E-Learning. Bandung Conference Series: Psychology Science. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v2i1.521

Shokoohi Yekta, M. and Motamed Yeganeh, N. (2024). Effects of cognitive-based problem-solving skills on changing parenting styles and reducing parental anger. Applied Family Therapy Journal, 5(1), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.aftj.5.1.4

Shoshani, A., & Shwartz, L. (2018). From character strengths to children’s well-being: Development and validation of the character strengths inventory for elementary school children. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02123

Sianipar, R. and Herman, S. (2024). The central role of the family in educating and shaping children's honesty. Asian Journal of Applied Education (AJAE), 3(3), 333-346. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajae.v3i3.9061

Simanjuntak, T. P., Sijabat, O. P., & Sijabat, D. (2022). Ops effect of the use of audio visual media on the learning outcomes of class iv students at negeri 091299 sipoldas. International Journal of Humanities, Management and Social Science, 5(2), 72-78. https://doi.org/10.36079/lamintang.ij-humass-0502.419

Sipahutar, F., Sihite, I. R., & Syahrial, S. (2024). Analysis of Parental Involvement in the Formation of Children’s Character at Primary School Age. Journal of Digital Learning and Education, 4(1), 73–84. https://doi.org/10.52562/jdle.v4i1.1001

Sitompul, R., Alesyanti, A., Hartono, H., & Ahmar, A. S. (2018). Revitalization model the role of tigo tungku sajarangan in fostering character of children in Minangkabau family and its socialization through website. International Journal of Engineering

and Technology(UAE). https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.5.13950

Sofiani, I. K., Mufika, T., & Mufaro’ah, M. (2020). Bias Gender dalam Pola Asuh Orangtua pada Anak Usia Dini. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v4i2.300

Stahlmann, K., Hebestreit, A., DeHenauw, S., Hunsberger, M., Kaprio, J., Lissner, L., … & Bogl, L. H. (2020). A cross-sectional study of obesogenic behaviours and family rules according to family structure in european children. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00939-2

Suciati, I., Idrus, I., Hajerina, H., Taha, N., & Wahyuni, D. S. (2023). Character and moral education based learning in students’ character development. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 12(3), 1185-1194. http://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i3.25122

Sugiarti, R., Erlangga, E., Suhariadi, F., Winta, M. V. I., & Pribadi, A. S. (2022). The influence of parenting on building character in adolescents. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09349

Suitor, J. J., Sechrist, J., Plikuhn, M., Pardo, S. T., Gilligan, M., & Pillemer, K. (2009). The role of perceived maternal favoritism in sibling relations in midlife. Journal of Marriage and Family, 71(4), 1026-1038. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2009.00650.x

Sun, Y. S. (2023). The role of family on internet addiction: A model analysis of co- parenting effect. Cogent Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2163530

Sururi, R., Sudarjon, S., Kholilah, K., & Ismail, I. (2023). The influence of intellectual intelligence, emotional intelligence, and spiritual intelligence on social adjustment. Enrichment: Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development. https://doi.org/10.55324/enrichment.v1i1.1

Talwar, V., Yachison, S., Leduc, K., & Nagar, P. M. (2017). Practice makes perfect? the impact of coaching and moral stories on children’s lie-telling. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 42(4), 416-424. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025417728583

Tong, D. and Talwar, V. (2021). Understanding the development of honesty in children through the domains‐of‐socialization approach. Infant and Child Development, 30(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2268

Torres-Soto, N. Y., Corral-Verdugo, V., & Corral-Frías, N. S. (2022). The relationship between self-care, positive family environment, and human wellbeing. Wellbeing, Space and Society. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wss.2022.100076

Tsela, D., Tsela, R. D., & López, I. G. (2023). Relations between Parenting Style and Parenting Practices and Children’s School Achievement. Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12010005

Tuhuteru, L., Pratiwi, E. Y. R., Suryowidiyanti, T., Mahendika, D., & Abdullah, D. (2023). Strategies For Primary School Students Understanding Of Character Education Through The Active Role Of Teachers. Journal on Education. https://doi.org/10.31004/joe.v5i4.2365

Van Tongeren, D. R., Aten, J. D., McElroy, S., Davis, D. E., Shannonhouse, L., Davis,

E. B., & Hook, J. N. (2019). Development and Validation of a Measure of Spiritual Fortitude. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000449

Vinson, J. (2019). Be the Change: Understanding Quantitative, Qualitative, & Mixed Methods in Holistic Nursing Research. Beginnings.

Xie, M., Wang, X., Zhang, J., & Wang, Y. (2021). Alteration in the psychologic status and family environment of pregnant women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.13575

Yaffe, Y. (2023). Systematic review of the differences between mothers and fathers in parenting styles and practices. Current psychology, 42(19), 16011-16024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01014-6

Yim, E. P. (2022). Effects of asian cultural values on parenting style and young children’s perceived competence: a cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.905093

Yolanda Natasha Basson. (2019). Towards a unified curriculum for English language learners in South Africa: Possibilities for academic language development at school level. Molecules.

Yu, D., Zhao, Y., Yin, C., Liang, F., & Chen, W. (2022). A Network Analysis of the Association Between Intergroup Contact and Intergroup Relations. Psychology Research and Behavior Management. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S336740

Vilaseca, R., Rivero, M., Ferrer, F., & Bersabé, R. (2020). Parenting behaviors of mothers and fathers of young children with intellectual disability evaluated in a natural context. Plos One, 15(10), e0240320. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240320

Zarra-Nezhad, M., Viljaranta, J., Sajaniemi, N., Aunola, K., & Lerkkanen, M. (2020). The impact of children’s socioemotional development on parenting styles: the moderating effect of social withdrawal. Early Child Development and Care, 192(7), 1032-1044. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2020.1835879

Zein, M., Iskandar, E., Moenada, M. S., & Thahir, M. (2023). Webtoon-based online comics in measuring the Pancasila student profile at Madrasah Tsanawiyah in Riau Province. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i4.25759

Zemlianska, A. V. (2021). The Theme of Inclusion in Alan Marshall’s story “I can jump puddles.” Bulletin of Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University. https://doi.org/10.12958/2227-2844-2021-7(345)-96-106

Zhu, X., Shek, D. T. L., & Yu, L. (2022). Parental and School Influences on Character Attributes Among Chinese Adolescents. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2022.817471

Wallen, N. E., & Fraenkel, J. R. (2001). Educational research: A guide to the process.

Psychology Press.

Wang, M. and Liu, L. (2017). Reciprocal relations between harsh discipline and children's externalizing behavior in china: a 5‐year longitudinal study. Child Development, 89(1), 174-187. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12724

Watkins, L., Robertson, K., & Aitken, R. (2021). Preschoolers' request behaviour and family conflict: the role of family communication and advertising mediation styles. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 20(5), 1326-1335. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1938


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.


View My Stats

Creative Commons License
The copyright is reserved to The Jurnal Pendidikan Progresif that is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.