Perbandingan Dua Teori Pembelajaran – Behaviorisme dan Konstruktivisme dalam Pembelajaran Tatap Muka dan Pembelajaran Online

Cut Hanifah Fardhany, Muhammad Nurwahidin, Dwi Yulianti

Abstract


Teori pembelajaran konstuktivisme dan behaviorisme merupakan teori yang akan dibahas. Pengembang utama dari aliran pemikiran behavioris yaitu Watson dan Skinner berupaya membuktikan bahwa tingkah laku bisa dikendalikan dan diprediksi (Skinner, 1974). Keduanya mempelajari bagaimana perubahan lingkungan mempengaruhi belajar. Para konstruktivis memandang bahwa belajar yaitu upaya mencari makna. Vygotsky dan Piaget menjelaskan elemen yang mempermudah dalam memperkirakan apa yang anak-anak pahami pada tahap yang tidak sama (Rummel, 2008). Dua teori ini secara rinci menjelaskan hubungan serta perbedaan antar teori konstruktivis dengan teori perilaku dalam hubungannya dengan bagaimana cara anak belajar serta bagaimana perilakunya terpengaruh. Selain itu juga menyangkut bagaimana instruksi dan kurikulum bekerja dengan berbagai teori tersebut dalam rangka mempromosikan kegiatan belajar mengajar serta cara pendidik memandang pembelajaran sehubungan dengan kedua teori juga ditinjau.


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