ANALYSIS OF FACTORS CAUSING OUT-OF-SCHOOL CHILDREN OF PRIMARY EDUCATION AGE IN BRAJA LUHUR VILLAGE, BRAJA SELEBAH DISTRICT, EAST LAMPUNG REGENCY IN 2021

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study to determine what factors are the causes of children dropping out of school in Braja Luhur Village in 2021.The research method used in this research is descriptive quantitative.The population in this study were all out of school children in Braja Luhur Village, both elementary and junior high schools in 2021 as many as 50 children.Then this study is a population study that includes the entire population that is the sample in this study, namely as many as 50 dropouts, both elementary and junior high school levels.Then data collection using technical questionnaires and technical documentation.Data analysis used percentage analysis technique.The results of the study show that: (1) The low motivation of children to go to school is a factor that causes children to drop out of school in Braja Luhur Village in 2021.This can be seen from the percentage of children's low motivation of 60%.(2) The low interest of children to go to school is a factor causing children to drop out of school in Braja Luhur Village in 2021.This can be seen from the low percentage of children's interest at 54%. (3) The low income of parents of children dropping out of school is a factor causing children to drop out of school in Braja Luhur Village in 2021.This can be seen from the low percentage of income of 72%.(4) The lack of parental attention is a factor that causes children to drop out of school in Braja Luhur Village in 2021.This can be seen from the low percentage of parental attention of 54%.
Education is an effort so that humans can develop their potential through the learning process and / or other ways that are known and recognized by society.The 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, Article 31 paragraph (1) states that every citizen has the right to education, and paragraph (3) confirms that the Government strives and organizes a national education system that increases faith and piety and noble character in order to educate the nation's life regulated by law.
However, in reality, what happens is that there is still unequal access to education, especially those in regions in Indonesia even though in the law it is clearly stated that every citizen has the right to get an education.This can be proven by the large number of out-of-school children in Indonesia, which indicates that educational facilities have not been evenly distributed to the regions.The concentration of education carried out in various regions of Indonesia has various obstacles in implementing it.This problem is caused by rural areas that are remote and far from urban areas in accessing educational services that are still not evenly distributed.(National Development Planning Agency, 2014).In addition, access to education in Indonesia still needs attention, more than 1.5 million children each year are unable to continue their studies.Meanwhile, in terms of teacher quality and teaching commitment, more than 54 percent of teachers have qualification standards that need to be improved and 13.19 percent of school buildings are in a condition that needs to be improved.Suharjo (2006:1) states that "primary schools are essentially educational institutions that provide six-year educational programs for children aged 6-12 years." Fuad Ihsan (2008:26) said that "elementary school as a unit is implemented in a 6-year learning program."Law Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education system states that "primary and secondary education levels are a type of formal education for students aged 7 to 18 years and are a basic requirement for higher education".The table above shows the number of consecutive out-of-school children from 2018 to 2020.From the data in the table, it shows an increasing trend from year to year.This shows that there is something that needs to be researched in the area about what are the causes of dropouts in the area, which every year always increases in numbers.For 2018, there were 15 children who dropped out of school or did not finish school in elementary school or with a percentage of 27% of the total 57 out-of-school children.Then in 2019 for the elementary level, there were 19 children who did not complete their education or in other words they had dropped out of school with a percentage of 33% of the total 57 out-of-school children.Then the last one is that in 2020 at the elementary level there were 23 children who had dropped out of school with a percentage of 40% of the total 57 out-of-school children.The table above shows the number of consecutive out-of-school children from 2018 to 2020.For 2018 at the junior high school level, there were 17 children who had dropped out of school with a percentage of 25% of the total 68 out-of-school children.Then in the same year 2019 there were 24 out-of-school children with a percentage of 35% of the total 68 out-of-school children.Then in the same year 2020 there were 27 children who dropped out of school or stopped school before finishing it, of this number, a percentage of 40% of the total 57 children dropped out of school.

RESEARCH METHODS
This research is descriptive because it is to find answers and an overview of the questions in the problem formulation.Meanwhile, the definition of the descriptive method itself according to Sugiyono (2005: 21) states that the descriptive method is a method used to describe or analyze a research result but is not used to make broader conclusions.Whereas according to Whitney (1960:160) the descriptive method is fact-finding with proper interpretation.It can be said that descriptive research is research that seeks to describe a symptom, an event that occurs at the present moment or an actual problem.
In this descriptive research method, the researcher seeks to describe the object and subject and hopes to get facts from the object and subject under study.In the descriptive research method, it also requires action from the researcher and efforts to get the truth in describing the object to be studied.Based on the opinions of the experts above, this study uses a descriptive research method and it is hoped that using this descriptive research method can make it easier to analyze and also determine what are the factors causing out-of-school children in Braja Luhur Village.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
From the results of the questionnaire, the factors causing children to drop out of school in Braja Luhur Village in 2021 are displayed in the form of a table made based on sub-indicators.For indicators of children's motivation to go to school, there are 6 sub-indicators, namely the desire and desire to succeed, the encouragement and need to learn, the existence of hopes and ideals for the future, the appreciation of learning, and the existence of interesting activities in learning.Then for indicators of children's interest in attending school, there are 4 sub-indicators, namely the presence of feelings of pleasure, a sense of interest, an awareness of learning without being told to, and participating in learning activities.Furthermore, there are 4 subindicators of parents' income levels, namely very high income, if the average income is more than IDR 3,500.00 per month, the high income group is if the average income is between IDR 2,500,000-IDR 3,500,000 per month, the medium income group is if the average income is between IDR 1,500,000-IDR 2,500,000 per month, and the low income group is if the average income is between IDR 1,500,000-IDR 2,500,000 per month.Furthermore, the indicator of parental attention has 5 sub-indicators, namely providing guidance and advice, supervision of learning, giving rewards and punishments, meeting learning needs, and creating a learning atmosphere.

a. Children's Motivation to Go to School
The motivation referred to by the researcher is how the motivation of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur Village.How is the level of motivation whether strong, moderate, or weak, to find out there are several criteria, namely Strong Motivation, motivation is said to be strong if in a person in daily activities has positive expectations, has high expectations, and has high confidence and has enthusiasm in learning.Then motivation is said to be moderate if in man has a positive desire, has high expectations, but has low confidence that he can solve problems in the learning faced.Then weak motivation, motivation is said to be weak if in man he has low expectations and beliefs, that he can excel.For example, for a person, the encouragement and desire to learn new knowledge and skills is the quality of his life and fills his free time to be more productive and useful (Irwanto, 2008).In the Table of Children's Motivation to go to school in Braja Luhur Village.It can be known that the level of motivation of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur is classified as weak as many as 30 children or if it is concentrated at 60%.Of the 30 children, 11 children or 22% of the elementary school education level and 19 children at the junior high school level with a percentage of 38% of the total number of 50 children who dropped out of school.From the results obtained in the field, most of them have weak motivation because they feel that school is not interesting and boring and can be seen if they do not have goals or desires to achieve their goals, it is reflected in those who are less enthusiastic in the learning process.Then the learning environment is less conducive such as the environment they do not support for them to be motivated in pursuing their goals, such as in the environment they prefer to play or help their parents.because they think it's more interesting than studying whereas they also choose to help their parents to ease the burden on their parents or help work to meet their daily needs.Therefore, the motivation of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur Village can be said to be low.Then from the research data, it was found that there were more out-ofschool children at the junior high school level than at the elementary level, namely 19 children for junior high school and 11 children for elementary school out of a total of 50 children who dropped out of school.This can happen because children at the basic education level are entering a time when playing is more interesting and fun than going to school.

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Then for children who have strong motivation as many as 6 children or if it is concentrated by 12%.Of the 6 children, there are 4 children from the elementary school level or if it is concentrated at 8% of the total number of 50 children who have dropped out of school.Meanwhile, there are 2 out-of-school children at the Junior High School level or if it is concentrated at 4% of the total number of 50 children who drop out of school.In this case a strong motivation is where some of them have strong ideals and desires to achieve it.This is shown by them studying hard.But that doesn't mean they don't play and help their parents.They are still children whose age is fun to play, but they understand that education is also important to them.
Then in children who have moderate motivation there are as many as 14 children or if it is concentrated by 28%.Of the 14 children, it is divided into 2 levels, namely the elementary school level as many as 8 children or if it is concentrated at 16%.And the Junior High School level is 6 children or if it is concentrated at 12% of the total number of 50 children who drop out of school.From the research, it was found that they have moderate motivation because they are more likely to play in their social environment but they also do not abandon their obligation to learn.Then it can be said that their motivation is in the moderate category Based on the results of the research above, it shows that children's motivation to go to school in Braja Luhur Village is relatively low.In the indicator of children's motivation to go to school, more than half of the total sample of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur Village said that they did not agree to have the motivation to go to school.It can be concluded that one of the causes of children dropping out of school in Braja Luhur Village is the motivation of children to go to school.How is the level of interest whether high, medium, or low, to find out there are several criteria, namely high, interest is said to be high if in the learning process a person has a liking or pleasure in participating in learning activities and has an interest in a lesson.Then interest is said to be moderate if in the learning process someone has a liking or pleasure in participating in learning activities and has an interest in a lesson but has low confidence in their abilities.then r endah interest is said to be low if in the learning process does not have a feeling of liking or pleasure in participating in learning activities and does not have an interest in a lesson and have low confidence in their abilities.and 15 children at the junior high school level with a percentage of 30% of the total number of 50 children who dropped out of school.From the results obtained in the field, most of them have low interest.This can be seen from the research data that they have no interest in learning in schools.And in school also they do not have the initiative to stand out in school.And feeling that learning is not important to them, this is shown by their indifference to lessons they do not understand, such as not finding out about lessons they do not understand.Then they feel unconfident that they can get good achievements.This can happen because their surroundings are not supportive for their educational interests.Therefore, the interest of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur Village can be said to be low.

b. Children's Interest in Going to School
Then for children who have high interest as many as 9 children or if it is concentrated by 18%.Of the 9 children, there are 6 children from the Junior High School level or if concentrated at 12% of the total number of 50 children who have dropped out of school.Meanwhile, there are 3 out-of-school children at the elementary school level or if it is concentrated at 6% of the total number of 50 children who drop out of school.In this case, the interest that is said to be high is that they feel like and pleasure in following the learning process and have an interest in a lesson.Then even if they won't get good grades or achievements they will continue to learn.Then in children who have moderate interests there are as many as 14 children or if it is concentrated by 28%.Of the 14 children, it is divided into 2 levels, namely the elementary school level as many as 5 children or if it is concentrated at 10%.And the Junior High School level is 9 children or if it is concentrated at 18% of the total number of 50 children who have dropped out of school in Braja Luhur Village.From the research that has been carried out, the results are obtained that they have an interest in going to school but they also have to divide their time between going to school, playing, and also helping parents.However, environmental conditions that are also less supportive are also factors that cause them to have a not high interest or it can be said that they are of moderate interest.

c. Children's Perceptions of Parents' Income Levels
The following is a table of questionnaire results of parental income level indicators with sub-indicators of the high income group is if the average income is between Rp2,500,000-Rp 3,500,000 per month, the medium income group is if the average income is between Rp. 1,500,000-Rp.2,500,000 per month, and the low income group is if the average income is between Rp. 1,500,000-Rp.2,500,000 per month.In the table of income levels of parents of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur Village.It can be known that the income level of parents of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur is classified as low as many as 36 children or if it is concentrated at 72%.Of the 36 children, 17 children were divided into elementary school education levels or 34% and 19 children at the junior high school level with a percentage of 38% of the total number of 50 children who dropped out of school.From the results obtained in the field, most of the parents of their outof-school children have opinions that can be said to be quite low.It can be seen from the results of research that most of the parents of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur Village mostly work in the agricultural sector which does not have a fixed income.
Therefore, the parents of the out-of-school children do not have a fixed or certain income every month.So in this case if they work to meet their basic needs only such as for eating and so on.So that for children's educational needs such as less fulfilled.This is one of the causes of children dropping out of school, especially in Braja Luhur Village.Then it can be said that most of their parents have an income of less than IDR 2,500,000 per month.Or between IDR 1,500,000 -IDR 2,500,000 per month.Then there is also the results of research that most of the parents of these out-of-school children do not get income according to their work.For example, their work can be said to be quite heavy but get wages that can be said to be less.From the results of the study, it was also stated that these children also prefer to help their parents in an effort to meet the daily needs of their families.so that many children drop out of school because of these economic problems, especially in Braja Luhur Village.
Then for the income level of parents of out-of-school children who are currently 18 children or if it is concentrated at 28%.Of the 18 children, there are 8 children from the Junior High School level or if it is concentrated at 16% of the total number of 50 children who have dropped out of school.Meanwhile, there are 6 out-of-school children at the elementary school level or if it is concentrated at 12% of the total number of 50 children who drop out of school.

d. Children's Perceptions of Parental Attention
The attention of parents referred to in the study was measured based on the frequency of parental attention to children in a day.There are several indicators including: Always, If the statement is made every day.Then often when the statement is made 4 to 6 times a week.Then sometimes, when the statement is made 1 to 3 times a week.then never, if that statement you never did.From the results of research obtained in the field, most of them get the attention of their parents who can be said to be weak or low because they feel that parents never give guidance and advice to always be diligent in studying.Then their parents were less supervising them when it came to education.Then regarding the lack of income level of parents also affects the level of attention of parents of out-of-school children where the parents of the out-of-school children never meet their children's needs in terms of meeting educational needs.And also the parents of these out-of-school children do not explain how important education is to them.and their parents never arranged them for study time.
Then for children who have a high level of parental attention or always get attention from their parents, there are as many as 12 children or if it is concentrated at 22%.Of the 11 children, there are 7 children from the elementary school level or if it is concentrated at 14% of the total number of 50 children who have dropped out of school.Meanwhile, there are 4 out-of-school children at the Junior High School level or if it is concentrated at 8% of the total number of 50 children who drop out of school.
In this case, it is said that they always get the attention of parents is where some of them get guidance and advice to always be diligent in studying, then parents of out-of-school children always supervise the activities carried out in terms of education, then Parents of these out-of-school children always meet learning needs in the form of tools, infrastructure, then Parents of out-of-school children explain the importance of learning and education to me, then The parents of the out-of-school child always manage my study time and playtime.Which is very good for the continuity of the child's education.
Then on the indicators of children who have a level of parental attention which is said to often have as many as 12 children or if it is concentrated by 24%.Of the 12 children, it is divided into 2 levels, namely the elementary school level of 10 children or if it is concentrated at 20%.And the Junior High School level is 2 children or if it is concentrated at 8\4% of the total number of 50 children who drop out of school.
The cause of the lack of parental attention can be from various things such as the child's parents are more focused on work or in meeting the needs of their family then also caused by the lack of understanding or awareness of the parents' understanding of the importance of education for children.Thus giving the impression that parents let their children in terms of education.In the indicator of parental attention, more than half of the total sample of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur Village said that they did not agree to get the attention of parents and it can be concluded that one of the causes of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur Village is low parental attention.

Figure 1
Figure 1.Research Location Map

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Map of Childrend's Interest in Going to School The interest referred to by the researcher is how to motivate out-of-school children in Braja Luhur Village.How is the level of interest whether high, medium, or low, to find out there are several criteria, namely high, interest is said to be high if in the learning process a person has a liking or pleasure in participating in learning activities and has an interest in a lesson.Then interest is said to be moderate if in the learning process someone

Figure 3 .
Figure 3. Income Perception Map of Out-of-School Parents

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. Map of Children's Perceptions of Out-of-School Parents' Attention

Table 1 .
Number of Out-of-School Children at the Elementary School Level in Braja Luhur in 2018 2020

Table 2 .
Number of Out-of-School Children at the Junior High School Level in Braja Luhur in 2018-2020

Table 3 .
Motivation of Children to Go to School

Table 4 .
Children's Interest in Going to School On the Table of Children's Interest in attending school in Braja Luhur Village.It can be known that the level of interest of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur is classified as low as many as 27 children or if it is concentrated at 54%.Of the 27 children, 12 children were divided into elementary school education levels or 24%

Table 5 .
Children's Perceptions of Parents' Income Levels

Table 6 .
Children's Perceptions of Parental AttentionOn the table of the level of attention of parents in Braja Luhur Village.It can be known that the level of attention of parents of out-of-school children in Braja Luhur is classified as weak or low, namely 27 children or if it is concentrated at 54%.Of the 27 children, 6 children or 12% of the junior high school level were divided into 6 children or 12% of the junior high school level with a percentage of 42% of the total number of 50 children who dropped out of school.